Masada (Israel): Hypocaust Heating System in Bathhouse Photo 2
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The caldarium (or hot bath) in Roman bathhouses was heated by raising the floor on short pillars (pillae) and circulating hot air heated by a furnace through the hollow spaces. In this bath house it appears that the steam was also forced behind the walls. This photo shows a very good cross-section of the hypocaust system within the bathhouse at Masada.